Bromine

Bromine
An Internet Hotlist on Bromine

created by doyeonkim10

Introduction | Basic Information | Interesting Things

Introduction

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The atomic number is 35 and atomic mass is 79.904 g. Atomic Symbol is Br.
Bromine is a reddish-brown color of liquid in room temperature, and it is the only liquid element in nonmetallic elements. Odor is suffocating, bleachy, and penetrating.
Melting point is -7.2 C, and boiling point is 58.8 C. Density of bromine is 3.1028 g/cm^3.
Bromine is not combustible, but it turns to combustible substance with fire.
Bromine is easy to evaporate with a little amount of pressures or temperature.
Bromine is reacted violently by contacting with aluminum, titanium, mercury, and potassium.
Bromine is dangerous, so if people drink or inhale it, it has a huge influence to systems of body like their eye, respiratory system, and skin. Then, they should wash the part that people contact immediately.
Bromine was found by Antoine-Jerome Balard and Carl Jacob Lowig. In addition, Carl Jacob Lowig isolated it first.
Bromine is used in agriculture industry as pesticides, and its compounds are used for oil, sanitary preparations, fumigants, dyes, medicines, films, and photographic processes.
Bromine is soluble in alcohol, chloroform, carbon disulfide, and hydrochloric acid. When we keep bromine in a container, the container should be cool and dry in a well-ventilated location, and it should be separated from oxidized materials.
Bromine destroys the ozone layer when it is in the lower atmosphere.
In India, there is a factory that produces bromine and bromine chemicals to get the good quality of bromine.

The Internet Resources

Basic Information

Bromine - Eni Generalic - In this site, there are description about bromine, thermal properties, ionization energies and abundance, isotopes, minerals and uses, and reduction potentials. Melting point is ?7.2 C, and boiling point is 58.78 C. In addition, critical temperature is 311 C. It is interesting that heat of fusion is 10.8 kJ mol^(-1), and heat of vaporization is 30.5 kJ mol^(-1). 6 (1-10)
Bromine - Ipcs Inchem - In this site, there are explanation about physical and chemical properties, uses, kinetics, toxicology, clinical effects, and management. Bromine is not combustible, but it turns to combustible substance with fire. The high pressure of bromine liquid is used to oil well. 6(1-10)
Bromine - Los Alamos National Labs Chemistry Division - It is easy to know about the basics of the bromine, but there are not a lot of information in detail. The atomic number is 35, and the atomic symbol is Br. In addition, atomic mass is 79.90, and atomic radius is 115 pm. Bromine is the only liquid element in nonmetallic elements. 7 (1-10)
Bromine - MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) - The site is very good to know about the toxicity of bromine and how to act in case of emergency. For example, bromine is dangerous, so if people drink or inhale it, it has a big impact to the systems of body including eyes, respiratory system, and skin. Then, they should wash the part that people contact immediately. Also, it is reacted violently by contacting with aluminum, titanium, mercury, and potassium. 9 (1-10)
Bromine - Mineral Information Institute - There are explanations about background, the origin of the name, sources, uses, and substitutes and alternative sources about bromine. For example, uses of bromine are flame retardants and industrial applications. It is also used in agriculture industry as pesticides, and its compounds are used for oil, sanitary preparations, fumigants, dyes, medicines, films, and photographic processes. Interesting thing is that pure liquid or vaporous bromine is poisonous, but most bromides are not dangerous in small amounts. 6 (1-10)
Bromine - Peter Van der Krogt - This site is good to find about history of bromine. There were two scientists who discovered bromine. One was Antoine-Jerome Balard who was working in a pharmacy school. When he studied about Fucus that is one of the seaweed, he isolated a new substance which was the bromine. The other scienteist was Carl Jacob Lowig who was a student in the University of Heidelberg. When he was working in the lab, he found reddish liquid with indisposition smell. That was the bromine. Interesting thing is that other scientists knew about existence of bromine, but they could not isolate before the discovery of two scientists. 6 (1-10)
Bromine - The Encyclopedia of Earth - In this site, there are explanations about the background, origin of the name, sources, substitutes and alternative sources, and physical properties. For example, bromine’s color is reddish-brown, and bromine is liquid at room temperature. Bromine liquid has an unpleasant smell and is poisonous. The interesting thing is it is used to dye something in purple color since a long time ago, so it is known as “Tyrian purple.” 6 (1-10)
Bromine - Wikipedia - The site is very organized, so it is easy to find information. This site contains information about characteristic, electrophilic addition, oxidation, free radical reaction, occurrence, safety, and compounds about bromine. For example, density of bromine is 3.1028 g/cm^3. and is easy to evaporate with a little amount of pressures or temperature. Also, it is related with an ozone depletion or bioaccumulate in living organisms. It works as an oxidizer. 8 (1-10)
Bromine - Wolfram Research, Inc. - This site explains about thermal and physical properties, reactivity, nuclear, magnetic, and electrical properties, and atomic dimensions and structure. For example, bromine is dibromine and belongs to group 17 and period 4. Interesting part is that half-life of bromine is stable, and also life time is stable. In addition, magnetic type is diamagnetic. 7 (1-10)

Interesting Things

Bromine - Br-bromine info. - It is easy to see because the subjects are separated. There are explanation about history, occurrence, isotopes, energy, and production of Bromine. For example, bromine was isolated by Carl Jacob Lowig who was a student in Heidelberg University at the first. In addition, bromine isotopes parts are interesting. There are two kinds of stable isotope number that are 79 Br and 81 Br, and there are no natural radioactive isotopes. However, there are a lot of artificial radioactive isotopes that are from 67 Br to 97 Br. 9 (1-10)
Bromine - Gasdetection - There are explanations about human health effects and method of treatment. For solubility, bromine is soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, and hydrochloric acid. When we keep bromine in a container, the container should be cool and dry in a well-ventilated location, and it should be separated from oxidized materials. 7 (1-10)
Bromine - Kenneth L Barbalace. - This site is not very good because there is not a lot of information. The site contains information about bromine’s name in other languages, atomic structure, and physical properties. In sources of bromine, we can find the bromine in sea water, Dead Sea, natural brines, and salt-lake evaporates, and in USA, Isreal, UK, Russia, France, and Japan, we can find it mostly and easily. 5 (1-10)
Bromine - Spectrum - There are about synopsis, use, consumption patterns, apparent color, odor, boiling and melting point, density, odor threshold concentration, and environmental impact in the site. Odor is suffocating, bleachy, and penetrating. It is formed by high reactivity, not naturally in pure form, but it is found in normal form in minerals and biological system. In Searles Lake, there are 0.0085% bromine of the water. Dead Sea contains about 1 billion tons of bromine, and the water in Poland has about 36 million tons of bromine. 6 (1-10)
NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) - This site is about the relation between bromine and ozone layer. Bromine can control the amount of ozone layer when bromine is in the lower atmosphere because it attacks the ozone layer. From 1998, the total amount of bromine has decreased and now, it has increased 5 percent. The bromine’s decrease is controlled by the Montreal Protocol. Since 1998, people decrease the amount of the methyl bromine, but bromine is still very effective in destroying the ozone layer. 7(1-10)
Solaris ChemTech - This site is about bromine’s uses. In India, there is a factory that is called Solaris ChemTech that produces bromine and bromine chemicals. It was established in 1996 with bromine plants. The factory helps to get the good quality of bromine to manufacture Hydrobromic Acid and other value-added bromine chemicals. 7(1-10)

Content by doyeonkim10, dkim@sbschool.org
http://www.kn.att.com/wired/fil/pages/listbrominedo.html
Last revised Mon Dec 17 11:42:58 US/Pacific 2007